Thai rice exporters association

The journey to rescue dogs and cats in Vietnam

On a cold drizzly day at the end of 2020, while everyone was rushing to complete the unfinished work of the old year and preparing to start anew in 2021, around a dozen members of animal protection organisations in Vietnam were assisting the owners of a dog and cat meant restaurant in Thai Binh city remove the signboard and bring the 25 dogs and cats into special care.

Ninh Thi Phuong Thao, programme advisor at Four Paws, an international animal protection organisation with branches in 15 countries, said the success in Thai Binh has been a special turning point for not only Four Paws but also other animal protection organisations because this was the first time they managed to persuade the owner of a dog and cat restaurant to quit. The victory was made even sweeter for it taking place in Thai Binh – the citadel of cat meat trade in Vietnam.

Goodbye from a cat meat restaurant owner

Located in the city’s Tran Lam ward, Pham Van Duong’s restaurant was well-frequented by locals and tourists alike, who came to enjoy a dish considered the local specialty: cat meat. Although the store opened only a year ago, Duong has seven years of experience in trading dog and cat meat and has owned two large restaurants dealing in these types of meat in Thach That district of Hanoi.

Duong said that every day he got up at 4am to slaughter the animals and begin preparing the meals for patrons. “I studied music and my wife studied accounting, but we both ended up slaughtering and selling dog and cat meat. For seven years, I never thought I would do this job for long because it was cruel. Every time I have to slaughter an animal, I always ask myself: Why do I kill it? Yet to maintain our lives and raise two children, I could not give it up.”

Each month, about 240 animals were consumed at his shop, mostly cats, fetching him VND40-50 million ($1,700-$2,200) a month. While this business helped secure the life of his family, it has also inflicted him with tremendous psychological trauma and has come at the expense of his personal life. The holidays, which are a time for spending quality time with their children, are the busiest days at the store when he has to slaughter the most animals.

The most taxing, however, is the fear that his two children would walk in on their father doing the job of an executioner. “I cannot let my children see that scene, it would scar them forever,” he said.

The Four Paws volunteers arrived to tilt the scales of his emotional turmoil, gently urging them to change business model.

“Four Paws helped me make up my mind once and for all. Just five days after their visit, I announced that the store would be closed, to the surprise of my friends and customers.”

With both physical and mental support from the volunteers, Duong’s restaurant was turned into a shop selling electric and used motorbikes, which opened in January. At the end of December, the signboard of the restaurant “Specialty Dog – Cat” hung by his own hands more than a year ago was removed and smashed to pieces. “I feel happy and a bit emotional. This is a sacred and meaningful moment for me,” Duong confided.

Although not the first case, Duong’s restaurant was the first specific one widely mentioned by the media. Before that, nearly 50 dog meat stalls running along Nhat Tan street in Hanoi’s Tay Ho district also closed even though they were doing very well. From a famous street which was “the capital of dog meat” with 30-year-old restaurants lying close together and attracting diners from far and wide – now Nhat Tan has only one dog meat store. According to many people living in Nhat Tan, in recent years as land in the area increased in price, most dog meat shop owners sold land to switch business or move elsewhere to live.

In 2018, Hanoi proposed to eventually limit people from eating dog meat, and many urban districts of Hanoi could see a complete ban in the trade, causing the “Nhat Tan dog meat brand“ to gradually fade into the past.

Large-scale rescue campaign for dogs and cats

The success of closing the first dog and cat meat restaurant has been a rallying cry for Four Paws members and other animal protection organisations in Vietnam to double efforts to rescue dogs and cats.

Ninh Thi Phuong Thao from Four Paws said that after the restaurant closed, 20 cats and 5 dogs were taken from the store to the Four Paws Bear Sanctuary Ninh Binh for health checks before placing them at animal rescue stations in Danang and Hoi An to look for new homes.

She asserted that she was very lucky to have met the right people at the right time and could persuade them to give up. Because even though offering consultancy and supporting business households throughout the change, Four Paws members have always had their work cut out for them. So far, they have only successfully persuaded one shop owner in Vietnam and two others in Cambodia.

“Most restaurant owners go into this business for profit. Just like Duong, there are people who are not interested in trading cat and dog meat – they may be even repulsed by it – but profit and securing your family life are difficult to argue with,” she said.

Beginning mainly from the northern provinces, the trade of dog and cat meat gradually gained traction across Vietnam in past year and is not considered illegal due to belief held by some that the meat has many health benefits as well as the centuries-old superstition that it brings good luck.

According to Four Paws research, a kilogramme of dog meat fetches between €6-9 ($7-10). Cat meat, meanwhile, can cost up to €11 ($13) per kg – and even up to €20 ($24) in the case of a black cat.

The situation costs the lives of millions of animals each year, and has also become a concern for millions of dog and cat owners as a large number of the slaughtered animals are home-raised.

“Each year, millions of dogs and cats – both healthy and sick, owned and stray – are violently captured on the streets of Vietnam, crammed into tiny cages, and transported unchecked across the country, often for days. This is not only incredibly cruel to the animals, but also a blatant violation of public health recommendations, especially in times like these,” says Dr. Katherine Polak, veterinarian and head of Four Paws Stray Animal Care in Southeast Asia.

As more Vietnamese people are now keeping pets, there is a perceptible rise in the number of people coming to think of these animals as companions and saying a firm “No” to their meat. This trend is reinforced by the rising demand for clean and healthy food. The unsanitary conditions during transport as well as in slaughterhouses and restaurants, which often keep a wide variety of species for slaughter, serve as a petri dish for zoonotic diseases like COVID-19 and has been linked to outbreaks of rabies and cholera.

To put a sustainable end to the cruel dog and cat meat trade in Southeast Asia, Four Paws has also launched a campaign on an international and national level. More than one million people worldwide have already signed the petition to end the dog and cat meat trade, including 200,000 Vietnamese in late 2019.

After the rescue programme in Thai Binh city, the representative of Four Paws Vietnam said they would organise other activities such as coordinating with the dog and cat protection associations or cat protection alliances (such as Change for Animals Foundation, Hanoi Pet Rescue, Paws for Compassion, and Vietnam Cat Welfare) to conduct communications campaigns to alter people’s perceptions, rescue stolen pets and animals awaiting slaughter, and improving the welfare regime for these animals.

The main objectives of these campaigns will be education and cooperation with the responsible authorities and tourism associations to urge governments to introduce and enforce legislation banning the dog and cat meat trade to protect both animals and public health. In addition, in Four Paws supports local communities with humane and sustainable dog and cat population management programmes.

“Our ultimate goal is to eliminate the consumption of dogs and cats in Vietnam and then around the world,” said Thao.

Pham Thi Hue – Thai Binh province I really like dogs and cats so I never eat them. From the day my daughter and son-in-law switched to the dog and cat restaurant business, I never visited their store because I didn’t want to see those poor animals killed. I often petted, fed, and talked to the dogs and cats they brought home to raise for slaughter, so they also loved me very much. I regularly urged my children to quit this profession and I feel it’s a blessing to see these animals have a chance to live on. Nguyen Xuan Son – Chairman, Vietnam Cat Association We have participated in two cat rescue programmes in the central region during the floods. Programmes like these have contributed to raising public awareness about protecting and improving the welfare of dogs and cats in Vietnam. This is also the mission of the Vietnam Cat Association and the Vietnam Animal Welfare Association so that Vietnamese people and international friends will have a better thinking about dog and cat meat consumption. Josef Pfabigan – CEO, Four Paws We call for a complete cessation of trade, rather than management and regulation, because we have witnessed the miserable reality of domestic animals. Management and regulation are not ways to end animal suffering and there will still be real and unnecessary threats to public health. We envision a world where dogs and cats are no longer slaughtered for meat, where both citizens and governments understand the potentially serious threats and act together against the trade.

Phnom Penh (VNA) – The bilateral trade between Cambodia and China last year was valued at more than 8.1 billion USD, sliding down 5.2 percent compared to a year earlier, Cambodian news agency AKP reported.

According to the data from Cambodia’s Ministry of Commerce, the country’s exports to the world’s second largest economic nation in 2020 saw a year-on-year increase by 8.1 percent to over 1.08 billion USD.

Meanwhile, Cambodia spent roughly 7.03 billion USD on goods imported from China, down 6.9 percent compared to that in 2019.

The decrease in imports from China was mainly due to the slowdown of importing raw materials for garment factories because of the lockdown or restriction measures imposed to contain the COVID-19 spread.

Cambodia mostly exported agricultural products including milled rice, mangoes, and cassava to China , and imported industrial products, raw materials, and construction materials from China.

The two countries have placed high hope on the increase of the bilateral trade after their bilateral FTA was signed last October.

The agreement is expected to be ratified by the governments of both countries this year, aiming to make it come into effect as early as possible.

China is now Cambodia’s largest source of foreign direct investment and tourist as well as biggest trade partner. In 2019, the bilateral trade grew 27 percent from the previous year to 8.2 billion USD./.

VNA

Vaccine passports – the future?, illustration photo, source: internet

At the end of December, thousands of Europeans received the first doses of the Pfizer-BioNtech COVID-19 vaccine after the company received authorisation in the EU. Since then, other countries such as the US, Israel, the UAE, Bahrain, India, and several Asian countries, including Vietnam, have also started to receive or order vaccines to prepare for mass vaccination programmes.

This has awakened optimism about an end to the pandemic and the idea of a vaccine passport.

A heated discussion

Some parts of the world, such as the Seychelles, Cyprus, and Romania, have begun to remove quarantine requirements for visitors who have been vaccinated. In early January, Denmark also announced that it would issue vaccine passports to citizens within the next three to four months.

To get digital vaccine passports, Danish citizens will have to declare their medical and vaccination status on a government-issued app. Owners of such passports will be able to return to Denmark without quarantine and receive access to bars, restaurants, and hotels.

Iceland became the first European nation to issue vaccine certificates in late January. While Greece also announced it will unveil a digital vaccination certificate for those who have received two doses of the vaccine, Israel recently announced that a so-called Green Badge will allow vaccinated people to go to restaurants, attend public events, and travel freely. Other countries that are currently issuing or waiting for vaccine passports include the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, and Sweden.

Despite being supported by several countries and seen as a necessary condition for freedom of movement, vaccine passports have received mixed reactions in many places. The UK, the first in the world to vaccinate people against COVID-19, had previously denied plans for vaccine passports to allow people to travel abroad, but they can ask for proof of vaccination in case they need to travel.

One of the reasons not to issue a vaccine passport is that COVID-19 vaccination is not compulsory in the UK, said MP Nadhim Zahawi. The EU is also divided over vaccine passports. Some, such as France, Germany, Belgium, and the Netherlands, as well as organisations like the World Health Organization and the European Commission, also argued that vaccine passports do not ensure safe travel.

In France, Health Minister Olivier Véran has repeatedly said it is too early to discuss vaccination passports since fewer than 2.5 million French people have received the first dose and because it is unclear whether the vaccine prevents transmission.

Meanwhile, Germany also advised not to loosen many of the restrictions. To date, the 27 EU member states have only agreed on mutual recognition of COVID-19 test results. The introduction of vaccine passports remains a story of the future, especially as more new coronavirus variants are discovered. The European Commission says it will not be rushed into a decision on passports while only 3 per cent of Europeans have been vaccinated.

The US also expressed caution with vaccine passports as President Biden asked government agencies to evaluate the feasibility of linking coronavirus vaccine certificates with other vaccination documents and producing digital versions of them.

Possible resurrection?

Although controversies abound, governments and technology firms around the world are leaning towards using vaccine passports to recover the economy and revive the tourism and entertainment industries.

Some companies and tech groups like IBM have also started to develop smartphone applications where users can upload detailed information about their tests and vaccinations to create a digital health certificate or use QR codes to display their vaccination status to the authorities without disclosing sensitive information.

Zurab Pololikashvili, secretary general of the UN’s World Tourism Organization, has called on the world to apply vaccine passports on a larger scale as an indispensable element for the tourism industry’s recovery.

“One key element vital for the restart of tourism is consistency and harmonisation of rules and protocols regarding international travel,” he said in an email. “Evidence of vaccination, for example, through the coordinated introduction of what may be called ‘health passports’ can offer this. They can also eliminate the need for quarantine on arrival, a policy which is also standing in the way of the return of international tourism.”

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) supports vaccine passports and also piloted their digital application called IATA Travel Pass piloted on Singapore Airlines flights late last year. IATA said it could expand the programme to other destinations if the pilot is successful.

Singapore Airlines also plans to incorporate health certifications into a mobile app in mid-2021. Passengers who have tested for COVID-19 at clinics designated by the airline will be issued an electronic certificate with a QR code or a paper health certificate.

Some airlines, like Qantas, said they would make vaccine documentation mandatory on all flights while Gulf Air, Emirates, and Etihad will test a travel pass designed by the IATA.

In Vietnam, the first batch of vaccines was imported a few days ago as the first happy signal for reopening. Once the country is truly safe from the pandemic, ministries and departments will study to issue a passport similar to the vaccine passports.

However, tourism expert Truong Nam Thang, a member of tourism research projects of the Tourism Advisory Board and the Vietnam National Administration of Tourism, said that by December, the nation will temporarily achieve herd immunity in key economic and tourism cities. By June 2022, Vietnam hopes to reach herd immunity across the country.

Thus, it will not be until the end of the second quarter of 2022 that Vietnam can normalise international trade as well as gradually restore tourism and international travel.

The development of the airport network depends on socio-economic conditions, not just on localities’ proposals.