Chip based id cards

Mr. Dam made the statement while chairing a meeting on preparation for the national high school graduation examination yesterday in Hanoi.

Mentioning the preparation of the national examination, a representative from the Ministry of Education and Training said that the ministry has completed all steps for the upcoming examination. Participants at the meeting voiced their opinions that local authorities should be given accountability; yet, the Ministry of Education and Training and the Education Minister will take on the overall responsibility of the examination. Moreover, the Ministry will publicize students’ academic reports and compose tests.

Newly-elected Education Minister Nguyen Kim Son said that inspectors from the Ministry will directly work with sub-divisions upon preparations for the examination to ensure the best result.

Deputy Prime Minister Vu Duc Dam emphasized that after 6 years of implementation, the education sector has completed the roadmap for the high school graduation exam. The most obvious outcome of the exam is that it has had an impact on holistic education with the consideration of streamlining of students. Opportunities for students to choose universities basing on their own abilities and aspirations are much better than before.

Deputy PM Dam ordered the Ministry to assume the overall responsibility for the examination transparently and fairly. Additionally, the Ministry must have an analysis and assessment of mark gaps between cities and provinces to discover illegal adjustment of students’ marks.

Last but not least, local administration and leaders of cities and provinces in which the examination takes place will be held accountable for organizing the examination and adopting preventive measures agaisnt Covid-19.

Thoughts return to stronger rail options. Source: freepik.com

Although the Ever Given container ship was rescued one week after being stranded in the Suez Canal in Egypt, the trading world remains rocked as hundreds of billions of US dollars has evaporated in the wake of the global trade system significantly relying on this narrow canal.

The incident has also posed questions on developing other transportation channels, in which trans-continental rail routes may be top of the list.

“One of the most effective channels is to develop a rail route running through Asia and Europe. This would be very good for exporters in Vietnam,” said Tran Thanh Hai, deputy director of the Ministry of Industry and Trade’s Agency of Foreign Trade.

It is now recommended that exporters should consider and take advantage of the current rail route connecting Vietnam through China to Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Poland, and Germany. From Germany, the goods can be transported to other European markets.

Currently if goods are transported via this rail route, it would take a month from Vietnam to Germany, with a cost of $8,000-9,000 per container, which is higher than the $6,000-8,000 for sea transportation which can take up to 50 days.

However, the existing difficulty is the difference in railway widths and also standards of the trains themselves. The width of Vietnam’s railways is one metre, while that of other nations is around 1.4m. Moreover, trains in Vietnam cannot accommodate a huge volume of goods at the same time – each train can carry a maximum of 90 tonnes of goods for 15 compartments. If exporters want their goods transported by trains from Vietnam to overseas markets, they will have to change trains many times, meaning higher costs.

These factors currently make it difficult for Vietnam to boost the transportation of goods by train to other international markets.

Kazakhstani Ambassador to Vietnam Yerlan Baizhanov previously told VIR that Kazakhstan, China, and Vietnam had established a council to discuss a project to develop a rail route for goods transportation from Vietnam through China to Kazakhstan and other member countries of the Vietnam-Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), including Russia, Belarus, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan, and vice versa.

“The council has organised a number of meetings. One of the key issues now is to fix the cost for transporting goods,” Baizhanov said. “I believe that there will be a shared solution. If this rail route is not developed, it will be difficult to raise the bilateral trade between Kazakhstan and Vietnam, which currently sits at only $500 million per year.”

The railway will help reduce the time for transporting goods from Kazakhstan to Vietnam to only 14 days from about one or two months now, he added. “The Kazakhstani side will continue working with Vietnam’s authorised agencies about this project,” said Baizhanov.

Currently, goods are transported between both nations by sea, which often takes a few months for a ship.

Under the railway project, whose total length and investment capital remain unrevealed, container goods will be transported from Vietnam’s northern Dong Dang and Lao Cai railway stations to China’s Lianyungang port – whose 49 per cent of stake is now held by Kazakhstan Temir Zholy (KTZ), the national railway company of Kazakhstan. After that, the goods will be transported by railway to Kazakhstan, which borders China, and to other EAEU countries.

Leaders of the railway industry of Vietnam, Kazakhstan, and China have decided on the project’s logistics manager, namely KTZExpress of Kazakhstan and Vietnam’s Transportation and Trade JSC, a member unit of state-owned Vietnam Railways Corporation. They have also considered the demand for organising container-based trains for the new routes. KTZ and Vietnam Railways Corporation also inked an MoU on cooperation in railway development several years ago.

Currently, under its strategy, Kazakhstan is boosting transport infrastructure modernisation and attaching great importance to developing transport-logistics routes connecting Kazakhstan with Southeast Asian nations including Vietnam. The railway will also enable Kazakhstan to boost imports of electronics, and garments and textiles products from Vietnam, which it needs the most.

In the same vein, in 2018, members of the Organization for Cooperation of Railways (OSJD) discussed a plan to develop a railway transport system running from Vietnam to Russia through other Asian and European countries. The plan is part of an agreement signed that year at the OSJD’s conference of general directors in the central city of Danang. Directors pledged to promote logistics development through rail, expand research cooperation, and supply locomotives and machinery. However, no further information of the plan has been published so far.

GE’s latest 9HA.02 turbine is accelerating the shift to LNG

After a wave of investment in solar and wind power over the past two years, Vietnam is now witnessing strong interest in the field of electricity generated with the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG).

A report by the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA) published in January stated that Vietnam has quickly become one of the most promising LNG import markets in Asia, and many domestic and international investors have expressed their desire to pursue projects in the country. They are encouraged by changes in government management that no longer sees coal-fired thermal power as the centre of the power system, as well as the rapid growth of renewable energy in the nation’s power structure.

As such, investors have actively portrayed LNG as a cleaner source to replace coal and argue that gas-fired power units will be one of the main power sources required to feed public demand and supplement unstable renewable sources.

The IEEFA report also stated, “Vietnam’s electricity industry has never seen a wave of investors expressing so much interest as they do now, that – with the accompanying diplomatic pressure – remains unprecedented in the country’s history.”

Interest in LNG power may also be related to Resolution No.55/NQ-BCT on the orientation of Vietnam’s National Power Development Plan (PDP8), which emphasises the rapid development of LNG thermal power plants. However, at the same time, experts advise that priority must be given to developing LNG import and distribution infrastructures.

According to the nation’s target until 2030, Vietnam must import 8 billion cubic metres of LNG per year, while the current rate is zero. The focus on LNG power generation is also attributed to its advantages, such as ensuring a stable power supply and minimising the impacts on the environment.

“The third draft of the PDP8 for the period 2021-2030, with a vision to 2045, is proposing to quadruple the current capacity of gas-fired thermal power by 2030 to 28GW, equivalent to 21 per cent of the total system capacity. Most of these plants are then expected to use imported LNG,” the IEEFA report states.

According to experts, LNG power generation is flexible and can be adjusted as needed. Besides this, the carbon emissions of LNG account for roughly half of coal power, which helps to reduce the energy sector’s impact on the environment. At the same time, LNG power is capable of reaching higher power output when needed, without interruptions and dependencies on nature such as wind or solar power.

Given the fact that global CO ₂ emissions are still increasing, the power sector takes on a mandate and a multidimensional approach to take important steps to rapidly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and solving the problem of climate change on a large scale.

“Despite the massive deployment of renewables such as wind and solar power, the energy sector has not improved significantly to meet the goals set out in the Paris Agreement on carbon neutralisation. The International Energy Agency (IEA) said that to achieve improvements in power efficiency, instead of spending time building new renewable power sources, it is possible to convert from coal to gas to reduce emissions faster,” said Vic Abate, General Electric’s (GE) senior vice president and chief technology officer and former CEO of both GE’s Gas Power and Renewables businesses.

According to the current draft of the PDP8, there are about 24 LNG projects proposed with a total potential of 23GW by 2025 and 84GW by 2035, with a demand for imported LNG of about 60 million tonnes per year.

Challenging negotiations

According to experts, about half of the proposed gas power projects are complexes for LNG import ports, storage tanks, recycling systems, and gas pipelines and power plants, with the remainder being pure power plants running on LNG.

However, no LNG power project has started its construction yet because contracts related to their operation have not been completed, most notably because of the missing power purchase agreements (PPA).

Even though the Bac Lieu LNG project was licensed in early 2020, the project owners are still negotiating a PPA without seeing the finish line anywhere close.

Talking about the progress of LNG project implementation, experts from the energy sector, as well as several project brokers and financial advisors, also said that the biggest challenge will be to negotiate the PPA.

“PPA negotiations must comply with the regulations of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, whereby the approved project documents must be available before the negotiation. Based on investment costs, cash flow in and out, profits, and discount rates, the purchase price of electricity that investors want to sell will be set. Except for those cases that do not exceed 7 US cent per kWh, for which Electricity of Vietnam will sign a PPA immediately, other prices will take computation and consideration,” said energy consultant Nguyen Binh.

Other investors also said that since the government reaffirmed that there are no guarantees, the decision to invest in an independent power plant requires investors to make great efforts.

“Spending a few billion US dollars on projects without a foreign currency conversion guarantee will make it difficult for investors to keep cash flows in hand when unexpected situations occur,” said Binh.

Track 4A power plant in Malaysia running on GE’s latest generation of HA turbines

Scale is king

According to Petrovietnam, the 24 planned LNG power projects recorded in the draft PDP8 will lead to a situation where the coastline of Vietnam will be covered by the configuration of “one power plant plus one LNG import and gas refinery warehouse”.

Meanwhile, other countries around the world are developing power plant clusters using large receiving ports to optimise the cost of gas infrastructure between the port and the power plants.

This means that these power centres choose a place with favourable conditions for convenient infrastructure with low cost, located near a suitable load centre and built according to environmental criteria. For instance, port warehouses must have a capacity of at least 6 million tonnes of LNG per year to be considered cost-efficient.

In parallel with the recommendations on the size of LNG terminals, experts also said that using new and innovative technologies will bring higher efficiency to an LNG power plant.

In the technology race, GE’s two world records for operating power plants with the highest efficiency have sparked the interest of LNG project operators in Vietnam as they offer significant cost savings compared to other technologies in the industry.

“The newest generation of turbines offers the lowest cost of capital and fuel conversion with a long engine life, thus reducing the total cost of ownership. As such, a generation H turbine combined with cycle plant for 1,000MW occupies an area of ​​about 0.05 square kilometres, far less than the 20sq.km needed for onshore wind or solar power plants of the same scale,” said Christophe DuFault, general manager (Project Execution) of GE Gas Power Asia, adding that GE’s HA turbines are currently the largest and most efficient gas turbines in the world and have received more than 120 orders from more than 48 customers in 20 countries and regions.

With its strong development potential, the IEA expects the Asia-Pacific to be a region with many “breakthroughs in the development of LNG power plants in the next decade”.

GE has more than 80 years of experience in the supply and construction of combined cycle power plants, and it has been 29 years since the first H turbine generation. GE’s H-generation turbines currently supply 21.5GW at 24 locations worldwide and are monitored daily at its centre in Kuala Lumpur.

In addition to delivering outstanding energy efficiency and cost savings, GE’s newest H-generation turbines also cut emissions – a key factor in securing the future of the energy industry in Asia-Pacific.

However, experts also say that although LNG can be a superior solution to other fossil fuels in terms of efficiency and emissions, both these advantages depend heavily on related technology.

“Our new power plant operating in Malaysia demonstrates that low-carbon or non-carbon gas power technologies, such as our HA technology, can help accelerate CO ₂ reductions in power production. At GE, the combination of gas and renewable electricity will be part of the solution for the present and the future,” said DuFault.

LNG is now expected to lead the way in Vietnam’s energy structure, meeting a large portion of its capacity by 2030.

HCM City (VNS/VNA) – Although average life expectancy has increased, the number of cases of non-infectious disease among Vietnamese has risen, said Dr Nguyen Thi Kim Tien , head of the Department of Health Protection and Care of Central Officials.

Tien spoke at an annual national workshop on health and longevity held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 8.

The average life expectancy of Vietnamese is 73.6 compared to 68.6 in 1999, according to the population census in 2019. However, Vietnamese women are ill an average of a total of 11 years, compared to eight years for men, she said.

“Non-infectious chronic diseases are the number one killer today, with more than 70 percent of deaths coming from cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes,” she noted.

The number of cases increase significantly from the age of 40 due to aging, inadequate nutrition, high consumption of tobacco and alcohol, stress, and other factors.

“The number in Vietnam has reached alarming levels,” she said, adding that “how we age depends hugely on how we behave.”

She said that people should carefully watch what they eat, be physically active, avoid the use of tobacco and alcohol, and lower stress levels.

“You should listen to your body and see a doctor as soon as possible if ill because early detection is important in treatment, reducing mortality and improving quality of life,” she said.

Aging population

In 2011, Vietnam began to enter the period of an aging population and is one of the countries with the fastest aging rates in the world.

In 2017, the number of people 60 years and older accounted for 11.9 percent of the total population.

This group will account for about 21 million people by 2038, or 20 percent of the population. The number will reach 27 million or 25 percent of the population by 2050, according to the General Statistics Office.

The average life expectancy of Vietnamese is 1.6 years higher than the world average, but the population is about 16 years older than the world population.

Dr. Le Dinh Thanh, Director of HCM City-based Thong Nhat Hospital, said the rapid aging of the population poses huge challenges to a low to middle-income country like Vietnam, requiring the country to improve its social security and healthcare system for the elderly.

Vietnam needs to raise awareness about preparation for old age, including planning for financial security, and ensuring medical examination and treatment as well as social policies for the elderly.

Infectious diseases kill more than 300 people per year in the country, while non-infectious disease s kill over 400,000, according to the Ministry of Health.

As many as 70 percent of deaths every year are caused by non-infectious diseases, of which 40 percent occur to people under 70 years old.

Non-infectious diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, mental illness and cancer, not only affect longevity but also the quality of life.

Experts attribute the reasons for the rising number of cases to the fact that people lack awareness about prevention of such diseases. As many as 49 percent of men smoke, and 77 percent of the population drinks alcohol, while 11 percent of them drink at an alarming level.

Salt consumption in Vietnam is double the amount recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO).

The Ministry of Health has set a goal to ensure by 2025 that deaths caused by non-infectious diseases will fall to 20 percent from the current 70 percent.

The goal is to reduce the proportion of people smoking by 30 percent and those drinking alcohol by 10 percent, while reducing salt intake by 30 percent./.

VNA

According to the article, Vietnam now has a mindful and influential leadership.

It highlighted Party General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong and his strong anti-corruption campaign, and State President Nguyen Xuan Phuc with significant economic progresses he helped the nation achieve in his previous post as Prime Minister.

It also expected Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh to effectively implement contents set out in documents of the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV).

It said the new administration is expected to bring Vietnam into a new era, with new technologies applied in knowledge-based industries.

Source: VNA